cmp

The broad objective for the Conservation Plan for Para Para is to guide the
conservation, restoration and adaptation of the House. The adjacent
outbuildings, stables, and coach-house have not been included in the study.

The following tasks have been undertaken in order to develop an understanding
of the property and formulate relevant policies for its future use and
development.

*
Research into and preparation of the history and development of Para Para.

*
Preparation of measured drawings and completion of a physical survey of the
House to define the various parts of the fabric in decay.

*
Assessment of the causes of deterioration to the fabric.

These investigations have resulted in the Conservation Policies outlined in
Section 6.

1.2 Existing Heritage Listings

Para Para has received recognition as being significant to the State.

The building has been entered on the Classified List of the National

Trust of South Australia as follows:

+-----------------------------+--------------+----------------------+
|                             |item no.      |entered               |
|Para Para                    |              |                      |
|                             |47            |27 November, 1963     |
+-----------------------------+--------------+----------------------+

The House is entered in the State Heritage Items Register, under the State
Heritage Act 1993, as follows:

+-----------------------------+------------+------------+-----------+
|                             |item no.    |interim list|registered |
|Para Para                    |            |            |           |
|                             |10057       |13.09.1978 |24.07.80   |
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+-----------+

The House has been entered in the Register of the National Estate by the
Australian Heritage Commission as follows:

+-----------------------------+------------+------------+-----------+
|                             |Database No |File No     |registered |
|Para Para                    |            |            |           |
|                             |007002      |3/08/047/   |21.03.78   |
|                             |            |0002        |           |
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+-----------+

1.3 Location of Site

+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+
|Para Para                   |Allotment 100, Part Section 2, Hundred|
|                            |of Mudla Wirra                        |
+----------------------------+-------------------+------------------+
|                            |Certificate of     |5299/960          |
|                            |Title:             |                  |
+----------------------------+-------------------+------------------+

Para Para is located on Penrith Avenue, Gawler West, between the by-pass and
railway line. The Gawler River is to the west of the property.

The House is approached via a gravel driveway from Penrith Avenue, with remnant
original gardens and trees to the east.

1.4 Current Ownership

Para Para has been privately owned by Laurel and Wes Hosking since

April 2001.

1.5 Methodology of Conservation Plan

This conservation plan has been developed in accordance with the principles of
the Burra Charter and The Conservation Plan.

The Plan comprises two components:

1.
The analysis of the existing historical material and the physical condition
of the building to determine the cultural significance of the House.

2.
    The preparation of conservation policies which form the basis for
    recommendations for physical work and give guidance for the future
    management and development of the place.

The terminology used in this Conservation Plan follows the guidelines and
definitions within the Burra Charter, the Australia ICOMOS Charter for the
Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance.

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Figure 1: Location Plan, Para Para.

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Figure 2: Site Plan, Para Para.

2.0 HISTORICAL OUTLINE

PARA PARA : HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Walter Duffield

December 1839, the colony of South Australia was barely three years old, and
the William Barras lay anchored off Holdfast Bay. A 23-year-old passenger,
Walter Duffield from Essex in England, was lowered into a small boat, sitting,
perhaps lying in a blanket suspended from a swaying spar. With the long sea
voyage behind him and just £60 to his name, Duffield was about to embark on
another journey, one that was to bring him wealth, influence and respect. Para
Para, the mansion he built at Gawler, is a physical reminder of that journey.

The first leg of his journey saw Duffield behind a bullock team, carting wood
from the Mount Lofty Ranges down to the township of Adelaide. He then settled
at Echunga, a tenant of Jacob Hagen, a fellow passenger on the William Barras
albeit one with considerable capital who had established himself as a
woolgrower, shipping agent and money-lender.

Duffield however was not content to remain a tenant farmer. In 1847 he struck
out on his own and moved to Gawler where, with the help of his sister in
England, he purchased the Victoria steam flour mill. He lived in a small red
brick house in Finniss Street.

In 1849 he enlarged the flour mill. Two years later the Victorian goldrush
almost emptied the town of Gawler of its male population, but proved a boon to
Duffield. The price of flour rose from £12 to £37 per ton. Duffield was on his
way to prosperity. He enlarged the mill once more in 1853. Although it was
subsequently destroyed by fire on three occasions, in 1867, 1868 and 1876,
twice by arsonists and once accidentally, Duffield rebuilt it each time with
better machinery, larger stores and cottages for his workers. He purchased a
second mill in Gawler, the Union mill, in 1863. He also established mills at
Snowtown, Wallaroo and Port Pirie.

Duffield diversified his expanding empire. In the early 1850s he leased the
Princess Royal pastoral run with some 5000 sheep. He then bought the famous
Koonoona Station near Burra where by 1863 he was shearing over 40,000 merino
sheep. He moved further afield purchasing Outalpa Station in the north-east of
the colony and Weinteriga Station on the River Darling in New South Wales. He
had over a thousand square miles of pastoral leases spread across the country.
With tireless energy he visited them all regularly, on horseback, by buggy and
by coach.

In all his business activities Duffield was known as a man of honour and
integrity. In 1859 he was appointed a local director of the Bank of South
Australia, a position he held until 1873 when he accepted a position on its
Adelaide board. He was also a long serving director of the Adelaide Marine and
Fire Insurance Co.

Duffield played an important role in the public life of his community. He was a
founding member of his local Congregational Church and served as president of
the local branch of the British and Foreign Bible Society for twenty-six years.
He was a strong supporter of local causes. He was chairman of the Mudla Wirra
District Council and hosted the first meetings of the Barossa West District
Council in his offices.

In 1857 he was elected to represent the district of Barossa in the colony's
first parliament. He was returned in the three following elections,
representing the district continuously until 1868 when he lost election. The
electors had obviously not been swayed by his action the previous year when he
returned his gold rail pass, arguing that members of parliament should, like
all others, pay for their own travel. He was re-elected in 1870. Duffield held
the office of Treasurer in two successive governments. Generally considered a
liberal conservative, his parliamentary career has been described as “
useful, if not spectacular”, his major claim to fame being the
introduction of the 1867 Dog Act requiring the registration of all dogs.

After a number of years representing his local district, Duffield was elected
to the Legislative Council in 1873. Five years later, in failing health, he was
granted leave of absence. He returned to the Council in the following session
but found himself unable to continue. “His health so completely broke
down and his intellect became so impaired that he had to retire absolutely from
business and public life.” He resigned from parliament in 1880, disposed
of his pastoral leases and withdrew from all public activities. On 5 November
1882, aged only 66, he died at Para Para.

Duffield's former mill employees led the funeral procession as it made its way
past the closed shops and half-mast flags of Gawler to Willaston cemetery.
Walter Duffield was survived by his wife Phoebe, whom he had married in
Adelaide on 7 March 1842, his son David Walter Duffield, born 1851, and five
daughters, Sarah, born 1842, Mary, born 1844, Louisa, Emily, born 1848, and
Ellen. His estate was valued at £117,000, a far cry from the £60 with which he
had started his 43-year journey in South Australia.

Para Para : 1851 - 1882

In 1851, Walter Duffield bought sections in the Gawler special survey, sections
which were the foundation of his Para Para estate. In all he acquired about 450
acres. It was prime land, fertile and well watered. The North Para and South
Para rivers merged on the property, giving it its name. The property was
established gradually over a number of years, the most detailed contemporary
description being given by George Loyau in 1880.

This estate is situated on the Para, about a mile from Gawler and is the
residence of the Hon W Duffield M.L.C. It was purchased by him in 1851 and
contains from 400 to 500 acres. A portion is separated from the Park Lands by
the South Para. The junction of the North and South Para Rivers is on the
estate and they flow past many a picturesque spot. The land is very fertile,
and in the bends of the river are many pleasant and secluded nooks, shaded by
fine old gum-trees. Some parts of the estate are well adapted for picnics, and
Mr. Duffield frequently permits Friendly Societies, Sunday-schools &c., to use
them for this purpose. Facing the house is a grassy flat, with high land on the
southern side, various plantations in the centre, and a fringe of trees on the
northern and north-western sides. This flat forms undoubtedly the most
beautiful natural race course in the colony and on more than one occasion Mr.
Duffield has allowed race meetings to be held here. The northern line of
railway passes through the property, at a distance of about a quarter of a mile
from the house.

The Para Para residence was built in 1862. The main feature of its interior is
the spacious and very lofty central saloon with polished floor, above and
around which is a circular gallery communicating with the bedrooms. This forms
a beautifully cool retreat during the fierce heat of our summers. At the
entrance to the drive Mr. Duffield is about to erect a lodge, and other
extensive improvements are now being carried out.

The vineyard, orchard, shrubberies, and pleasure grounds, which are second to
none in the colonies, extend over about fourteen acres. The planting of the
orchard was commenced in 1853, and the vineyard in 1855. Mr. E. Lane was from
his practical experience entrusted with the laying out of the grounds and the
management of the vineyard and cellar, and from four acres of the vineyard
succeeded in making upwards of twenty hogsheads of wine. From the first the
necessity for irrigation was recognised, and a well was accordingly sunk on a
flat near the house, and afterwards another on the higher land at the back.
Here also, is a large open reservoir, into which water for the purposes of
irrigation was once pumped by horse-power, but later on this gave way to a
windmill, and this in its turn has lately been superseded by steam-power. Pipes
are laid throughout the grounds, and the water can thus be utilised wherever
and whenever it may be required. A large portion of the garden is occupied by
orange trees, of which 500 were planted in 1861. They are now flourishing, and
yield annually a quantity of splendid fruit. The vineyard is very prolific, and
has been extended; it contains all the choicest varieties of grapes, including
Frontignac, Mataro, Shiraz, Verdellho, Muscat, Black Portugal, Madeira, and for
these and the wines produced from them Mr. Duffield has gained many prizes.
There is a capital greenhouse in the garden, and an apiary containing hives.
The ornamental portion of the grounds comprises a large quantity of pine, fir,
and olive trees; but the number of shade trees is too numerous to
particularise. The floral beauties of Para Para in summer time would require a
separate paper to enumerate.

It is not known when building of the Para Para homestead began, but by 1862 it
was ready for occupation. Duffield and his family moved from Finniss Street in
Gawler and immediately held a grand party attended by the Governor, Sir
Dominick Daly and his daughters.

Who designed the mansion? No primary evidence has been found in the course of
this project and the secondary sources are conflicting.

Jensen shows an image of the house with the caption “Para Para (Para
Inya), Gawler, 1861-62. Architect, J MacGeorge.” and states that “
James MacGeorge had designed Para Inya for W. Duffield in October 1861, in an
estate of 450 acres on the South Para River”. The claim is repeated when,
in referring to later work on the house, Jensen states that “'Para Inya'
had been the name used for this house when James MacGeorge was concerned in its
erection in the early 1860s.”

MacGeorge had arrived in South Australia in 1854 and quickly established a
reputation as an architect. Much of his work has now disappeared. He was
responsible for the Savings Bank of South Australia building in King William
Street, later used by the State Tourist Bureau, the Congregational Church at
Port Adelaide and `a house for H. Dundas Murray at Rosedale (now Holland House)
which is a kind of miniature of the `castles' then being built for wealthy
manufacturers in Britain”.

The other claimant for the title as architect of Para Para is Daniel Garlick, a
claim supported by the National Trust. Garlick had arrived in the colony in
1837 as a 19-year-old youth and became one of the its most notable architects.
He set up in business with his father as a successful builder and timber
merchant. Later the family moved to Munno Para East and began farming on a 450
acre property, after which Daniel set up in practice as an architect in Gawler.
Exactly when this occurred is unclear, sources citing dates ranging from 1851
to about 1860. Similarly these sources refer to him shifting his practice to
Adelaide as early as 1855 or as late as 1864.

Garlick is said to have been responsible for the design of some 30 to 40
churches, as well as the same number of banks in South Australia. He was
responsible for the original buildings of Prince Alfred College as well as the
south wing of the Adelaide Town Hall.

Both claimants would be worthy architects of Walter Duffield's mansion at Para
Para. Both were prominent architects of the time whose work was likely to have
been known to Duffield. Garlick's claim may be considered the stronger simply
because of his closer association with Gawler.

Just as we know little for certain as to the original construction of the
house, so little is known about any alterations or additions made to it over
the years. Jensen asserts that the “house received the attention, in
April 1872, of English & Rees who may have rebuilt it at that time, since in
October 1873 a tender notice from their office asked for plastering and
painting of Walter Duffield's residence, `Para Para'.”

It has been suggested that the 1873 painting of Para Para was the work of the
Scottish firm Lyon and Cottier, more particularly their employee Charles Gow.
Gow is also considered responsible for the painting of Ayers House in Adelaide.
Although there is no documentary evidence to prove this, there is a weight of
circumstantial evidence clearly set out in Taylor's history of Ayers House. The
work is "world-class", of such high quality that it could only have been done
by "a firm of well-practised, trained and highly talented decorative artists."
Several of the motifs used in Ayers House are known to have been designed by
the firm and the similarities between the schemes in Ayers House and Para Para
- the motifs, colours, line work on the doors and the geometric line work
elsewhere - suggest they are the work of the same person.

The firm established business in Sydney in 1873 with Lyon and two assistants,
Charles Gow and Andrew Wells, coming from Scotland. It is likely that Gow
completed the work at Para Para whilst in Adelaide and before he began work on
Ayers House. It is also possible that Gow was responsible for painting Sir
Edwin Smith's house, The Acacias, now Loreto Convent. These three interiors
rate very highly among the few existing painted decorative interiors of grand
South Australian buildings, public or private.

As Loyau (above) stated, in about 1880 a lodge was built and extensive
improvements carried out. Jensen confirms this, asserting that “'Para
Para', the country seat of W. Duffield, was reinstated and the façade renovated
by Thomas English who advertised for tenders in November 1879. A lodge was
ready for erection to English's plans in April 1880 which may have been for
`Para Para'.” That the latter was true is confirmed by sketch plans for
the proposed lodge, held in the Mortlock Library.

But just what these changes were, is unknown. It seems unlikely that the house
would have been “rebuilt” after just ten years, but it is possible
that additions or alterations were made. And in what way was the house “
reinstated” or the façade “renovated” in 1880? Were these
merely cosmetic changes, or were they more substantial? The published records
located and referred to in this project do not say.

As befitted the country home of a prominent pastoralist, manufacturer and
parliamentary representative, Para Para was the scene of numerous private and
public gatherings. In 1862 a garden party was held to celebrate Duffield and
his family moving into their new home. That same year a “Grand Brass Band
Contest, Picnic and Rural Fete” was held in the grounds to celebrate the
fifth anniversary of the local Institute. In 1874 there were two large
functions. In January three train loads of Oddfellows travelled by train from
Adelaide for a picnic on the estate. The crowd was estimated at 2,000 people.
In December Para Para hosted a function for 300 employees of the Advertiser,
Chronicle and Express. In 1881 a military demonstration by the non-commissioned
officers of the volunteer military force attracted a crowd of 4,000. Race
meetings were held on the property.

The Duke of Edinburgh twice visited Para Para. In 1867 he made an unscheduled
stop there for refreshments when visiting Kapunda and Gawler. Two years later
he accepted a more formal invitation to lunch.

But Para Para was not just a home, it was a working farm. Duffield was a
successful farmer and an active competitor in local agricultural shows. At the
inaugural Royal Adelaide Show he won first prize for two bushels of his wheat.
The sample was later exhibited in London. At the first Gawler Show he won
prizes for his hams, grapes, apples, plums, peaches and sweet melons.

Para Para : 1882 - 1924

Following the death of Walter Duffield, Para Para remained in the Duffield
family until 1924.

In his will dated 18 September 1879, Walter Duffield named five executors, two
of whom later renounced probate. The three remaining executors, his son David
Walter Duffield, Frank Makin and Thomas Bowen, took control of Duffield's
estate, including Para Para.

The major beneficiaries were to be Walter's grandchildren. In fact his wife
Phoebe paid ten shillings to the executors for the right to occupy the house
during her widowhood. Their son David paid a further ten shillings for the
right to occupy the house, subject to his mother's prior right, for his
lifetime. He paid yet another ten shillings for the right to occupy a further
188 acres of the property during his lifetime.

Phoebe Duffield retained her right to occupy the house until her death on 15
May 1890. David then had the right to occupy the house as well as the land for
the remainder of his life. It would appear, however, that David might not have
been as successful a businessman as his father. In 1889 his interest in the
land, together with other land he owned in Adelaide, was transferred to the
Bank of South Australia for £2,470 described as being portion of the money owed
by him to the bank. The day before his mother's death, David's interest in the
house was put into the hands of a trustee. By 1909, however, he had regained
his interests.

David Duffield died on 24 January 1922. His death extinguished that interest in
the house and land. During the period between Phoebe's and David's deaths, Para
Para was occupied by a number of tenants. There was Mr. Lewis who taught piano
and the Misses Nott who ran a school for young ladies. But Para Para was no
longer the estate it once was. The vineyards were gone, as were the orange
groves and the `botanical' gardens.

Four months after David's death, an agreement was reached between the
beneficiaries of Walter Duffield's will whereby Para Para was transferred to
David's two sons, Kenneth Lancelot Duffield, a pastoralist of Adelaide and
Walter Geoffrey Duffield, a Doctor of Science living in “parts beyond the
seas”. Walter later returned to Australia to found the Stromlo
Observatory near Canberra. When he died in 1929, his body was buried on the
slopes of Mt Stromlo.

On 31 October 1923 the estate was put up for auction. The grounds had been
divided into 32 blocks, ranging in size from two to 42 acres. Only 12 of the
blocks sold. The lodge with seven acres of land sold for £800. The house and
outbuildings, on 14 acres of land, failed to reach the reserve price of £1,400.

Finally, in December 1923, Para Para was sold to an Adelaide estate agent,
Henry Woodcock, for £2,000. The purchase was partly financed by a mortgage back
to Walter and Kenneth Duffield.

Para Para : 1924 -

Henry Woodcock did not have a chance to enjoy, or profit from, Para Para. He
died on 22 May 1924. The property remained in his estate until 1940, during
which time it was again tenanted and left to fall into disrepair. Some of the
occupants were there legally and they used the property for a variety of
purposes including a horse stud, a dairy and a slaughterhouse. Others did not
have the same legal sanction, entering illegally, breaking windows and
destroying much of the interior.

In 1940 tenders were called for the property's demolition. Before this could be
done, a local telephone mechanic, Gerlen Leslie Manuel Martin Cork and his wife
Edith Elizabeth Cork, purchased Para Para for £550. They began to restore the
mansion, starting with the ground floor.

Gerlen, known as Leslie, Cork died on 26 June 1959. His wife, Edith died five
years later on 8 April 1964. She died intestate, leaving two children, Dulcie
Beryl Payne and Frank Elliott Cork. In June 1965 Para Para was transferred to
Frank Cork, a publisher. He paid his sister £5,000 for her half share of the
property.

Frank Cork continued his parents' work in restoring Para Para. He employed the
Austrian master painters Josef and Werner Ott to restore much of the internal
paintwork in the front reception rooms. In an example of history repeating
itself, they had previously worked on the restoration of Ayers House in
Adelaide. Cork painted the exterior and by May 1973 Para Para was once more
able to host a gala function. On this occasion it was a concert by the locally
born world-renowned violinist Brenton Langbein.

In 1992, Frank Cork sold Para Para to Paul Robert Westermann and Joanne Lee
Westermann for $475,000. They sold it to the current owner in 2001.

3.0 DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE and historic photographs

0x01 graphic

Figure 3 : View of Para Para from the North East showing the shutters to the
first floor windows and some garden elements.

[Mortlock Library of South Australia -

Photographic Collection B 21946]

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Figure 4: Mr Walter Duffield, ca.1870

[Mortlock Library of South Australia -

Photographic Collection B 10776]

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Figure 5: Mr Walter Duffield, ca.1865

[Mortlock Library of South Australia -

Photographic Collection B 11141]

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Figure 6: Mrs Walter Duffield, ca.1880

[Mortlock Library of South Australia -

Photographic Collection B 25170]

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Figure 7 : Para Para from the east showing

the front elevation and rose garden

[Flightpath Architects: July 2001]

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Figure 8: View of the remnant garden looking

towards Penrith Avenue.

[Flightpath Architects: July 2001]

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Figure 9: North east corner of Para Para.

Note three remaining citrus trees to right

[Flightpath Architects: July 2001]

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Figure 10: North elevation, Para Para.

Note three remaining citrus trees to right

[Flightpath Architects: July 2001]

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Figure 11: Outbuilding to north west corner

of House

[Flightpath Architects: Jan 2002]

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Figure 12: West elevation, Para Para.

[Flightpath Architects: July 2001]

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Figure 13: Part south elevation, Para Para

[Flightpath Architects: Jan 2002]

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4.0 Summary of Extant Fabric

4.1 Introduction

A survey of the condition of the extant fabric at Para Para was undertaken
between December 2001 and March 2002. This survey was limited to visual
observation and documentary evidence, with only minimal physical intervention
undertaken.

The following is a summary of the condition of the House at that time. A more
detailed description of the condition of the existing fabric of the building is
contained in Appendix 1: Dilapidation Summary.

The outbuildings adjacent the north western corner of the House, the Stables
Coach House and associated structures have not been included in this survey.

4.2 Integrity

The House retains a high degree of structural integrity both internally and
externally. There have been few alterations to its layout, with the spatial
quality of the rooms and buildings generally unaltered.

Internally most of the original, internal doors, some fireplace surrounds and
inserts and some door and window hardware remains. Significant original painted
decoration remains in the Dining room with the possibility of further
decorations remaining under more recent paint layers in other rooms.

Externally much of the original fabric remains in varying states of
dilapidation. Some sections of the verandahs have repaired and re-laid. Most of
the original decorative render elements remain, with some balustrading and
column capitals deteriorating.

The extent of dilapidation to these elements has not affected the physical
integrity of the remaining original fabric, which is exceptional.

It should be noted that Para Para has gone through periods of neglect and
subsequent restoration on at least two occasions. With the lack of documentary
and photographic evidence detailing work and changes to the House, there is
doubt in some areas as to the originality of the remaining fabric. Generally,
however, this has not significantly affected the integrity of the place.

4.3 Summary of Alterations

Internally there have been few, if any, significant alterations to the original
fabric.

Physical and documentary evidence suggests that wet area facilities have been
inserted and removed over time to both the ground and first floor. Anecdotal
evidence suggests that there was a kitchen inserted in the north western corner
of the first floor at some stage.

It also appears that an internal wall has been removed from the existing
Bathroom to increase the size of the space. That space now contains bathroom
and laundry facilities.

The existing kitchen has been upgraded at some stage and located in the north
western corner of the ground floor. It is thought that the original kitchens
were located separately in the outbuilding to the north west of the main house.

The original patterned or stained glass panels in the sidelights adjacent the
front door appear to be been replaced with opaque textured glass. A panel of
patterned glass remains over the door.

Fireplace surrounds remain to most fireplaces, although it is possible that
some of the original items have been removed and subsequently replaced. The
cast iron inserts to some fireplaces are missing or have been modified.

There have been no significant alterations to the exterior of the House, with
alterations primarily related to the development and upgrading of services.

4.4 Dilapidation

Earlier periods when the building was left empty, and the ongoing inability of
previous owners to keep up with the maintenance demands of the property has
contributed to the current condition of the building. A number of problems are
associated with falling damp and moisture entry into the render and detailing
around the high levels of the facades. This may have been exacerbated by
inadequate stormwater drainage around the perimeter of the building, with
settlement and subsequent cracking of the fabric.

The areas of greatest dilapidation are generally located externally and on the
first floor. Some problems are directly associated with problems with the roof
cladding.

Generally, the house is in sound condition, however urgent work is required to
stabilise deterioration to the high level balustrading, render and chimneys.
Some sections of loose render and balustrade are presenting a potential safety
risk and should be stabilised or removed to prevent collapse.

As mentioned previously, previous repair work is evident throughout the
building, with the House having a history of neglect and restoration. Some of
those repairs have been undertaken poorly, and are contributing to the ongoing
deterioration of the fabric.

The key factor that has possibly contributed to the dilapidation of the
balustrades and upper level external decoration may have been the parapet
gutters running around the perimeter of the roof. Coupled with minimal drainage
points and pigeon infestation this may have contributed to falling damp
problems.

4.5 Internal Decoration

Para Para contains significant original decoration in the form of decorative
paintwork in the Dining and Drawing Rooms and Entry. The decorations remaining
in the Dining Room is in good condition although showing signs of previous
repair and touch-up.

It is considered likely that original decoration exists in other rooms
throughout the House, particularly the Ballroom and Stair Hall.

The painted decoration in the Dining Room is considered to be of exceptional
quality and is rare, with only several examples by the same artisan in South
Australia. The importance of this internal decoration generally makes an
important contribution to the significance of the House.

A number of original mantelpieces and fireplace surrounds remain throughout the
House. While some are undoubtedly original, others may be replacements
installed during periods of restoration.

4.6 Landscaping

Assessment and analysis of the current condition of the landscape elements
surrounding the House is not included in this report.

Remnants of early, possibly original, plantings remain around the House.
Significant landscape elements include the Moreton Bay Figs to the south and
west of the house, the rose garden and sections of hedge to the east, and three
remaining citrus trees to the north. Holding tanks and other infrastructure
relating to the maintenance of gardens and agricultural plantings remains
around the property.

It is recommended that a detailed landscape assessment and analysis of the
property be made by an experienced heritage landscape architect with experience
in historic gardens. This may uncover additional items of interest or
significance to the property.

The photograph of Para Para contained in Section 3 shows some landscaping to
the north east corner of the House. The date of the photograph is not known.

4.7 Outbuildings

A large outbuilding in poor condition abuts the north western corner of Para
Para. The Coach House, Stables and associated structures and yards are located
a small distance to the south west.

Assessment and analysis of the condition of the outbuildings has not been not
included in this report.

5.0 STATEMENT OF HERITAGE VALUE

5.1 General Statement

The concept of Heritage Value assists in identifying and assessing the
qualities that make a place or object of value to the community. An
understanding of the nature and degree of significance indicates where
constraint is required with future work, and conversely, introduces flexibility
by identifying aspects that can be developed with greater freedom.

Places likely to be considered of significance are those that provide an
understanding of the past or enrich the present, and will be of value to
present, or future, generations. Heritage Value encompasses all the values or
meanings that a place may have to people beyond its utilitarian value, and can
refer to the aesthetic, historical, scientific, or social value of a place.

The following Statement of Heritage Value is based on the criteria and
guidelines for the entry of places in the South Australian State Heritage
Register, as detailed in Section 16 of the Heritage Act, 1993.

5.2 Statement of Heritage Value

Para Para is of Heritage Value because it:

Was constructed as the physical manifestation of the wealth and success of
Walter Duffield a prominent South Australian business man and politician. The
design and use of the House and property reflects his standing and endeavours
within the South Australian community at the time.

The classically inspired symmetry and resulting planning are rare and are a
striking feature of the building.

The remaining examples of painted interior decoration are rare examples of the
work of Scottish artisans competed during the 1870's, are of high significance
and integrity, and are contained within a grand country mansion of exceptional
original form, layout and appearance.

5.3 Discussion against Criteria for Assessment of Cultural Significance

*
demonstrates important aspects of the evolution or pattern of the State's
history

The development of Para Para reflects the development and growth of Gawler and
South Australia generally, with the House financed by the success of Duffield's
flour milling enterprises. These were located in a number of towns in the Mid
North, and reflected the increasing demand and subsequent production of grain
for flour throughout the State.

The slow demise of the estate and subdivision of land is indicative of modern
farming practices and the need for large land holdings to ensure financial
viability.

The encroachment of housing sub-divisions on the property reflects the ongoing
growth of Gawler and its development as a satellite suburb of Adelaide within
commuting distance of the City.

• demonstrates a special association with the life or work of a person or
organisation or an event of historical importance

The House is of value due to its association with prominent South Australian
entrepreneur, Walter Duffield, a businessman, politician and philanthropist who
was involved in South Australia and particularly the Gawler district, until his
death in 1882.

The likely association of the House with the architect, Daniel Garlick, is also
significant, as he was a prominent architect of the period, and responsible for
a number of houses, churches, banks and other prominent Adelaide buildings.

The association of Duffield and Para Para with the early development of the
viticulture in South Australia, particularly given the proximity of the Barossa
Valley, is significant.

*
    it demonstrates a high degree of creative, aesthetic or technical
    accomplishment or is an outstanding representative of particular
    construction techniques or design characteristics

Architecturally Para Para is a grand, imposing residence reflecting the wealth
of the owners and their optimism in the future.

The design of the house is unusual, based upon a central ballroom and a
symmetrical front façade. The design was possibly based on an English country
home and modified for the Australian climate2.

The interior of the building is highly significant, the dining rooms, and
possibly other rooms containing original painted decoration. The decoration is
considered rare, one of only several examples of the work of that artisan in
Adelaide.

Aesthetically, the building makes a strong statement in the remnants of the
former garden and plantings, and although not a dominant visual element in the
greater landscape, reflects the pattern of siting of grand houses during the
19th century.

The integrity of the house is exceptional, contributing to the significance of
the site.

5.4 Relative Significance of Fabric and Spaces

Without exception, all remaining original fabric to Para Para is considered
significant.

Figures 16 and 17 indicate the degree of relative significance of fabric and
spaces to both floors of Para Para.

Spaces of primary significance include what were the main `public' rooms of the
House and contain remnants of the original decoration. Fabric of primary
significance includes all the external walls and the internal fabric
surrounding the spaces of primary significance. Any works proposed should be
carefully considered and undertaken with minimum interference to the original
fabric.

Spaces considered of secondary significance comprise the more utilitarian and
less ornate sections of the House. Fabric of secondary significance comprises
the internal walls separating spaces of secondary significance.

A degree of carefully considered adaptation would be acceptable in those areas
and to that fabric. Adaptation works should not impact on the external
appearance and presentation southern, eastern or northern facades of the
building as viewed from the approach to the Houses.

0x01 graphic

6.0 CONSERVATION POLICY

6.1 Introduction

The objective of the following conservation policies is to assist with the
conservation, maintenance and adaptation of Para Para to ensure the retention
of the remaining heritage value of the place.

6.2 Definitions

For the purpose of these conservation principles, the following definitions
from the Burra Charter will apply:

1.1 Fabrics means all the physical material of the place.

1.2 Maintenance means the continuous protective care of the fabric, contents
and setting of a place, and is to be distinguished from repair. Repair involves
restoration and reconstruction and it should be treated accordingly.

1.3 Preservation means maintaining the fabric of a place in its existing state
and retarding deterioration.

1.4 Restoration means returning the EXISTING fabric of a place to a known
earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing components
without the introduction of new material.

1.5 Reconstruction means returning a place as nearly as possible to a known
earlier state and its distinguished by the introduction of materials (new or
old) into the fabric. This is not to be confused with either recreation or
conjectural reconstruction which are outside the scope of this Charter.

1.6 Compatible use means a use which involves no change to the culturally
significant fabric, changes which are substantially reversible, or changes
which require a minimal impact.

6.3 Statutory Requirements

6.3.1 Heritage Act 1993

Para Para is included on the Register of State Heritage Items (File No.
6628-10057).

6.3.2 Development Act 1993

The Development Act 1993 defines development as:

Part 1.

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          |In relation to a State heritage place - the demolition,    |
|4 (e)     |removal, conversion, alteration or painting of, or addition|
|          |to, the place, or any other work that could materially     |
|          |affect the heritage value of the place.                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

Para Para has been placed on the Register of State Heritage Items. Development
Applications, or any proposed works, are required to be forwarded to the
minister for state heritage by the relevant planning authority. In practice the
Minister's representations are based on Heritage South Australia's advice
which, in turn, is generally guided by the Burra Charter.

The Development Act 1993 also states:

49. (14) An approval…will be undertaken to be given subject to the
condition that, before any building work is undertaken, the building work be
certified by a private certifier, or by some person determined by the Minister
for the purposes of this provision, as complying with the provisions of the
Building rules…

6.3.3 Archaeology

It is possible that excavation or adaptation work may uncover evidence of other
structures or landscape features previously present on the site. In such an
event some form of archaeological assessment may be required prior to the
commencement of further work.

Should any evidence of previous structures or landscape elements be discovered
any work should halt and an assessment made by Heritage South Australia prior
to any archaeological work proceeding.

6.3.4 Aboriginal Heritage

In the event of any new development, building work, excavation or vegetation
clearance, consideration should be given to the discovery of Aboriginal objects
or sites. These are defined under the Aboriginal Heritage Act, 1988:

+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        |“Aboriginal Object” means an object -            |
|        |                                                             |
|        | a.                                                          |
|        |    of significance to Aboriginal tradition;                 |
|3.      |                                                             |
|        |or                                                           |
|        |                                                             |
|        | b.                                                          |
|        |    of significance to Aboriginal archaeology, anthropology |
|        |    or history.                                              |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        |“Aboriginal site” means an area of land -        |
|        |                                                             |
|        | a.                                                          |
|        |    that is of significance according to Aboriginal          |
|        |    tradition;                                               |
|        |                                                             |
|        |or                                                           |
|        |                                                             |
|        | b.                                                          |
|        |    that is of significance to Aboriginal archaeology,       |
|        |    anthropology or history.                                 |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+

Should any evidence of Aboriginal Heritage be discovered during excavation or
building works on the site, work should halt and the relevant Government
authority should be informed.

6.3.5 Occupational Health Safety and Welfare Act, 1986

This Act describes a general duty of care required of the owner of a building
for the safe condition of that building for both building users and members of
the public.

6.4 General Conservation Policy

The overall approach to the conservation of Para Para is to ensure the
stability and longevity of the existing fabric and to retain all elements of
the structure that are considered culturally significant, while adapting and
upgrading the building to meet the requirements of the owners.

All original materials should be handled in a conservative manner and as much
of the original fabric as possible retained during the conservation process.
Replacement of original materials and/or fabric should be avoided.

The House should not be substantially altered from its current form. Any work
is to be preceded by consultation and the approval of the relevant authorities,
particularly Heritage South Australia.

Work should be undertaken in accordance with good conservation principles as
established by the Burra Charter, reversible whenever possible, and carried out
with minimal intervention to the original fabric. New work should use
sympathetic materials and construction techniques that will not compromise the
character of the complex and consequently lessen its significance. The
identification and understanding, of appropriate methods of repair is important
in protecting the significance of the fabric.

Any work is to be preceded by consultation with suitably qualified conservation
professional(s) and the approval of the relevant authorities, particularly
Heritage South Australia.

The objective of the conservation policies that follow is to assist the
Proprietors to maintain, preserve and adapt the building to new uses while
retaining its heritage value. Development Approval from Heritage SA and Gawler
Council will be required prior to the commencement of any work to the House.
The identification, and understanding, of appropriate methods of repair is
important in protecting the significance of the fabric.

The fill impact of any proposed adaptation and development of the site and
buildings can only be fully assessed when detailed design proposals are
prepared. Proposals should be prepared in accordance with the conservation
policies following.

1.
Para Para

The key opportunities and constraints arising from the statement of
significance for Para Para are identified diagrammatically in the Opportunities
and Constraints Diagrams, Figure 23, 24.

It is recommended that, where appropriate, conservation works return the fabric
and appearance of Para Para to resemble its most significant period, that of
the late 19th Century.

Areas for potential upgrade and redevelopment have been identified where the
significance and presentation of components of Para Para will not be adversely
affected.

6.4.2 Future Use

That Para Para has survived since the mid 19th Century as a residence is
important to the building's significance. While the house is no longer
associated with the primary production of its original land holding, future
uses for the property should maintain its original function as a residence.
This use is proposed by the owners, who intend living in the building.

It is essential that any future use for Para Para incorporate provision for the
regular and ongoing presence of people on the site. This will afford the best
protection to the property, in terms of security issues and regular
maintenance.

6.4.3 Proposed Use

It is proposed by the Proprietors that Para Para be conserved and developed as
their residence. It is intended that the significant areas of the House be
returned to their original appearance, with the reinstatement of the original
decoration dating from the 1870's as funding permits.

It is considered that this would be the most suitable use for Para Para, with
an intensity of use similar to that when the property was constructed as a
family home. The ongoing use and conservation of the property will highlight
its importance and contribute to the understanding and appreciation of its
history.

It is also proposed by the owners that the House and grounds be made available
for community events and utilisation by community groups. Organisations such as
the local branch of the National Trust will be invited and encouraged to use
Para Para for functions and fundraising activities.

Given the current condition of bathroom, kitchen and laundry facilities it will
be necessary for services to be substantially upgraded to contemporary
standards. These facilities should be upgraded in a manner to conserve the
remaining historic fabric, and to increase, or at minimum, maintain its
significance. The conservation policies following identify specific strategies
that should be used to guide the design, adaptation and upgrade proposals.

It is proposed that bathroom facilities be installed at ground and first floor
levels, in the current location on the ground floor, and at the rear of the
upper floor where bathroom facilities have previously been located.

Kitchen facilities should be upgraded in their existing location, or in the
adjoining room. Kitchen equipment and services should be reintroduced with a
minimum of intrusion to the existing fabric.

Laundry facilities are currently located in the ground floor bathroom. The
provision of separate facilities in the small room on the ground floor behind
the servants stairs would be acceptable.

6.4.4 Planning

The original planning of the building is a dominant feature, with rooms
arranged around the central entrance and ballroom. The integrity of all rooms
remains largely intact. Only one wall has been demolished and there appear to
have been no additional openings formed, with the result that the cellular
nature of the House has been retained. The only alteration appears to have been
the removal of a wall in the ground floor bathroom.

It would be inappropriate to divide the existing main rooms or to completely
remove walls between rooms. A policy of retaining the existing walls and
doorways should be maintained. Existing doorways that are no longer required to
be operational may be fixed closed, should not be bricked up, and remain
legible as doorways. New openings may be formed but the original room layout
should remain legible. The proposed future use for various spaces within the
House should take these constraints into account.

Any modification to the planning of the House should be reversible, allowing
future reinstatement of the original layout.

6.4.5 New Buildings Policy

Refer to Figure 21: Opportunities and Constraints for identification of areas
where the introduction of new structures is acceptable.

New buildings and structures may be built within the existing stone House wall
of Para Para, but should be restricted to the north west corner of the precinct
boundary. They should not be visibly from the driveway as the House is
approached. New development should be primarily for uses that relate to and
support ongoing use of the site.

It should be noted that introduction of new buildings may impact on the
original garden layout, and the implications of any new structures should be
carefully considered.

New buildings should be physically separated from the House, allowing it to
retain its identity and integrity. New structures may be connected to the
Homestead by covered links.

The design of any new building work on the site should maintain or enhance the
significance of the Site. It should achieve a clearly contemporary expression.

The form of a new building should respond to the form and massing of the
existing buildings without being dominating or imitative.

The siting, plan form and orientation of any new development should be
carefully considered in relation to the scale and pattern of the original
development, and views to and of the historic structures. New development
outside of the study area which impact on the visual setting of the Homestead
and outbuildings should also be carefully designed. New buildings should be
sited to avoid visual intrusion on the principal facades.

The materials and colours of the new work should neither compete with nor
detract from the existing Homestead.

The use of landscaping elements to screen new buildings could be considered.
Similarly, any new buildings should maintain existing views from the House. The
selection and location of screening landscape elements should be made in
consultation with relevant landscape professionals with an understanding of the
history and significance of the landscape elements of the site.

0x01 graphic

Figure 20: Photograph showing the general zone for

construction of new buildings on Western side of Para Para

[Flightpath Architects: July 2001]

6.4.6 Links

Links between the existing House and new or existing buildings should be
constructed only where it is essential to enhance the utility and circulation
of Para Para. Physical links between buildings should remain minimal and of
ephemeral design. The junction of any links should be visually sensitive to the
historical fabric and be reversible.

Links should be restricted to the western end of the House, connecting the
north western outbuilding, any new structures, and the House itself.

6.4.7 Additions Policy

Additions to House and outbuildings should be low key and small scale so as not
to dominate the original. Articulation of junctions or the use of links to
existing buildings, both in plan, elevation and detail should be considered.

It is inappropriate that any major external additions be made to the House.

Additions may be considered on the north western side of the Homestead, however
their impact on the Homestead should be carefully considered. The introduction
of additions along the western elevation would be acceptable provided light and
ventilation to the existing windows is maintained, and provided they are not
obvious from the front of the House, or its approach.

All work undertaken to the Homestead should be reversible, retaining the
potential for the building to be reverted to its original condition at a later
date.

6.4.8 Outbuildings

Note that the Outbuildings and other remnant structures on the property have
not been included in this study and that a Dilapidation Survey and assessment
of conditions has not been undertaken.

The existing outbuildings are considered a significant component of the House's
high integrity, contributing to the intensity and presentation of the site.
Careful consideration should be given to their adaptation and reuse. Some
flexibility exists to adapt the structures within their original form, however,
existing external wall lines should be maintained.

The buildings remains generally intact with little indication of alterations.
Additions to, or significant alteration of, the structures should be minimised.

The construction of a linking structure between the north western outbuildings
and the House may be considered. Refer to 6.2.5 Links.

The introduction of services to the outbuildings may be considered, provided
they are installed in an unobtrusive manner with minimum disturbance to the
original fabric. All work should be reversible. The development and integration
of services to the outbuildings should be coordinated with those in the House.

6.4.9 Other Structures

An above ground rainwater tank and remains of the House precinct boundary wall
are located to the west of Para Para. Note that these items have not been
included in this study and that a Dilapidation Survey and assessment of
conditions has not been undertaken. The water tank and associated elements and
boundary wall are considered significant components of the Homestead's high
integrity, contributing to the intensity and presentation of the site.

It is possible that in the future, additional information may be uncovered
concerning the use of these and other structures. Where desirable consideration
may be given to reinstating appropriate structures that contribute to the
character understanding and convenience of the garden and site.

Future needs may require additional garden structures that have no historical
link with the property. Careful consideration should be given to there design
and siting to compliment the presentation, character and significance of the
House and garden. The introduction of these elements should only follow an
investigation and assessment of the original landscape by an experienced
heritage landscape architect.

6.4.10 Removal of Fabric

The removal of any remaining significant fabric at Para Para should be kept to
a minimum, and should not distort the evidence provided by remaining fabric.
The exception to this is where removal of fabric is necessary to ensure the
future stability and preservation of the building.

6.4.11 Reconstruction

Reconstruction of components of Para Para may be considered where there is
sufficient documentation or where physical evidence remains on site.

Reconstruction should only be undertaken where there is potential for
significant improvement in the presentation and significance of the House.
Where undertaken, particular care should be taken to ensure the patina and
significance of existing and adjacent surfaces to be retained is protected.

0x01 graphic

+
Outbuildings Specific Conservation Policies for Rooms and Spaces:

6.5.1 Specific Conservation Policies for Rooms and Spaces: Ground Floor

Refer to the Para Para Floor Plan for the identification of rooms referred to
below.

Refer to Internal Conservation Policies for the identification of policies for
particular elements.

0x01 graphic

Figure 24 : Ground Floor Plan

Dining Room

The Dining Room has retained its painted decoration dating from the 1870's.
`Conservation' work has been undertaken previously, probably during the 1970's,
resulting in some patching to the original colours and stencilling. The floor
is carpeted.

Policy

The integrity of the Dining Room is exceptional. This should be retained and
the fabric conserved.

Termite damage to the floor and skirtings should be carefully made good, with
the removal of damaged original fabric minimised.

No new services should be introduced in the Dining Room where they will impact
on the original painted decoration on any surface.

Consideration could be given to the removal of the wall to wall carpet and the
introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished to match any
original finish remaining.

0x01 graphic

Figure 25: Detail of decorative panel to Dining Room dado

0x01 graphic

Figure 26: Dining Room showing portion of wall decoration

Drawing Room

The Drawing Room, on the southern side of the Entry retains possibly original
painted decoration to the cornice. The walls are painted in a single tone. It
is considered likely that the ceiling and walls were decorated in greater
detail, similar to the Dining Room. The floor is carpeted.

Policy

The integrity of the Drawing Room is high. This should be retained and the
fabric conserved.

Further investigation of the walls and ceiling should be undertaken to
determine whether remnants of the original colours remain.

New services may be introduced in the Drawing Room, however, it is recommended
that the painted decoration investigations be undertaken first.

Consideration could be given to the removal of the wall to wall carpet and the
introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished to match any
original finish remaining.

0x01 graphic

Figure 27: General view of Drawing Room

Entry

The Entry is located immediately inside the front door, and leads directly into
the central Ballroom. Double sliding doors in the north and south walls lead to
the Dining and Drawing Rooms respectively. The doors and skirtings retain their
original wood-grain finish and gilded linework. The cornice and ceiling rose
retain coloured decoration, that appears to date from the time of the 1870's.

The walls are painted in a single tone. It is considered likely that the
ceiling and walls were decorated in greater detail, similar to the Dining Room.
The floor is carpeted.

Policy

The integrity of the Entry is high. This should be retained and the fabric
conserved.

Further investigation of the walls and ceiling should be undertaken to
determine whether remnants of the original colours remain.

No new services should be introduced in the Entry where they will impact on the
original painted decoration on any surface.

Consideration could be given to the removal of the wall to wall carpet and the
introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished to match any
original finish remaining.

0x01 graphic

Figure 28: General view of Entry looking

towards front door.

Ballroom

The Ballroom is the most impressive space at Para Para. Located within the
centre of the House the Ballroom is a two-storey space with a circular balcony
at first floor level. The central portion of the ceiling above contains a domed
skylight.

The Ballroom is painted in what appears to be a modern interpretation of the
original colours. Some of the colours used are similar to those in the front
rooms, and are possibly original.

Policy

The integrity of the Ballroom is high. This should be retained and the fabric
conserved.

Further investigation of the walls and ceiling should be undertaken to
determine whether the original colours remain beneath the more recent coatings.
It is likely that the walls and ceilings were more extensively decorated than
currently exists, and that the attached pilasters particularly were decorated.
The missing pilasters on the first floor should be reinstated to match the one
remaining.

New services may be introduced in the Ballroom, however, it is recommended that
the painted decoration investigations be undertaken first. New installation of
services should minimise damage to original over-painted decoration.

No new openings should be formed in the walls at either level.

0x01 graphic

Figure 29: Ballroom, looking towards the

south east corner of the House.

Gentlemens Office

The computer room is situated behind the Dining Room and opens directly off the
Ballroom. It has a simple paint finish and retains what is probably the
original fireplace surround.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. This should be retained and the remaining
fabric conserved.

It is likely that the walls and ceilings were more extensively decorated than
is currently extant. Further investigation of the walls and ceiling should be
undertaken to determine whether the original colours remain beneath the more
recent coatings.

New services may be introduced in the Gentlemen's Office. They should be
installed to minimise disruption to the original fabric.

Ladies Office

The Ladies Office is situated to the west of the Gentlemen's Office and opens
directly off the Ballroom. It has a simple paint finish and retains what is
probably the original fireplace surround.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. This should be retained and the remaining
fabric conserved.

It is possible that the walls and ceilings were more extensively decorated than
is currently extant. Further investigation of the walls and ceiling should be
undertaken to determine whether the original colours remain beneath the more
recent coatings.

New services may be introduced in the Ladies Office. They should be installed
to minimise disruption to the original fabric.

Library

The Library is situated to the west of the Drawing Room. It has a simple paint
finish and retains what is probably the original fireplace surround.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. This should be retained and the remaining
fabric conserved.

New services may be introduced in the Computer Room. They should be installed
to minimise disruption to the original fabric.

0x01 graphic

Figure 30: Library, showing original marble

Mantelpiece and fireplace surround

Room above Servant's Stairs

The room above the Servant's stairs is a small alcove built in the space above
the stairs. It is generally in poor condition.

Policy

The room should be retained in its current form. The timber structure may be
removed and the room upgraded as required provided the integrity of the space
is retained.

Stair Hall

The Stair Hall is located on the southern side of the building and opens off
the Ballroom via an arched opening. A side door to the southern verandah is
located beneath the stairs. The stairs are in original condition with the
exception of a timber post that has been installed in an attempt to prevent
further deflection of the staircase.

There is evidence of painted linework beneath later paint coatings, possibly
painted in the 1870's to resemble ashlar stonework.

Policy

The integrity of the Stair Hall is high. This should be retained and the
remaining fabric conserved.

It appears that the walls were treated to resemble ashlar stonework. Further
investigation of the walls should be undertaken to determine the 1870's
finishes and colours.

Careful structural investigation of the stair should be undertaken to determine
minimum impact solutions to prevent further deterioration. Alteration to the
original appearance of the staircase should be avoided.

Termite damage to the floor and skirtings should be carefully made good, with
the removal of damaged original fabric minimised.

0x01 graphic

Figure 31: Detail of timber detailing in Stair Hall

Sitting Room

The computer storeroom is situated in the south western corner of the building
with access off the Stair Hall. It has a simple paint finish and retains what
is probably the original fireplace surround.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. The room may be adapted provided its
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved.

New services may be introduced in the Room. They should be installed to
minimise disruption to the original fabric.

Consideration could be given to the removal of the wall to wall carpet and the
introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished to match any
original finish remaining.

Downstairs bedroom

The Downstairs Bedroom is situated adjacent the stair hall, with access
directly off that space. It has a simple paint finish and the fireplace and
surround has been modified. The floorboards have been replaced with loose sheet
flooring, and the window has been extensively damaged by termites.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. The room may be adapted provided its
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved.

New services may be introduced in the Room. They should be installed to
minimise disruption to the original fabric.

Floorboards should be reinstated to match the original appearance and finish.

Bathroom

The Bathroom is located centrally on the western elevation, and opens directly
off the south western corner of the Ballroom. It has been upgraded and
renovated over time, and at the time of preparation of this report bathroom was
being upgraded.

Policy

The upgrade of the bathroom facilities should be undertaken to minimise impact
on the original fabric. No indication of the work should be obvious from the
Ballroom.

The presence of supply and waste pipes on the external elevation should be
avoided.

0x01 graphic

Figure 32: Bathroom prior to upgrade

Toy Room

The Toy Room is a small room located behind the Servant's Stairs and opening
off the lobby between the stairs and the Meals.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. The room may be adapted provided its
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved.

New services, including the provision of laundry facilities, may be introduced
in the Toy Room. They should be installed to minimise disruption to the
original fabric.

Meals

The Meal Room located to the north of the Servant's Stairs and contains what
are possibly original built-in cupboards adjacent the fireplace.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. The room may be adapted provided its
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved.

New services, including the provision of kitchen facilities, may be introduced
in the Meals Room. They should be installed to minimise disruption to the
original fabric.

0x01 graphic

Figure 33: Meals area showing possibly

original built-in cupboard.

Kitchen

The Kitchen is located at the north western corner of the building, with access
from the Meals and form outside. It has been upgraded previously, with the
kitchen equipment and benches now in need of replacement. It is likely that the
original kitchen was located in the outbuilding to the north west of the main
House.

Policy

The integrity of the room has been affected by the installation of kitchen
benches and services. The room may be adapted and upgraded provided it's
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved.

New services and kitchen facilities may be introduced, provided disruption to
the original fabric is minimised.

0x01 graphic

Figure 34: View of joinery in existing kitchen

Cellar

The cellar is located beneath the Meals and Toy Room and is accessed from the
Servants' Stairs, which extend from the cellar to the first floor. The cellar
is in poor condition, suffering the effects of rising damp and termite attack.

Policy

The integrity of the cellar is high, retaining its original layout and form.
The spaces may be adapted and upgraded as necessary to contribute to the
ongoing operation of the House.

New services or facilities may be introduced as required, provided disruption
to the original fabric is minimised.

Specific Conservation policies for rooms and spaces.

0x01 graphic

Figure 35: timber propping in cellar supporting termite

damage floor structure above.

6.5.2 Conservation Policies for Rooms and Spaces: First Floor

0x01 graphic

Figure 36: First Floor Plan

Specific Conservation Policies for Rooms and Spaces

First Floor

Guest Room / Bedroom 4

The Guest Room is located in the north eastern corner of the first floor and
was possibly built accommodating a nursery in the adjacent room.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. The room may be adapted provided its
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved. Its
relationship with the adjacent room to the south should be maintained.

New services may be introduced, provided disruption to the original fabric is
minimised.

Consideration should be given to the removal of the wall to wall carpet and the
introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished to match any
original finish remaining.

0x01 graphic

Figure 37: Damaged marble to mantelpiece and

fireplace surround, Guest Room/Bedroom 4.

Guest Lounge

The Guest Lounge is located adjacent Bedroom 4, with access directly from that
room and from the lobby.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. The room may be adapted provided its
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved. Its
relationship with Bedroom 5 to the north should be maintained.

New services may be introduced, provided disruption to the original fabric is
minimised.

Consideration should be given to the removal of the wall to wall carpet and the
introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished to match any
original finish remaining.

Parents Room

The Parents Room is located centrally on the eastern side of the building and
provides access to the Balcony over the front porch. It provides access from
the upper level Gallery above the Ballroom, and into the Master bedroom.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. The room may be adapted provided its
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved. It should
continue to provide access to the Balcony.

New services may be introduced, provided disruption to the original fabric is
minimised.

Consideration should be given to the removal of the wall to wall carpet and the
introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished to match any
original finish remaining.

Master Bedroom

The Bedroom is located in the south eastern corner of the House, with access
directly off the Gallery.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. The room may be adapted provided its
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved. Any
adaptation work should not be obvious from the Gallery.

New services may be introduced, provided disruption to the original fabric is
minimised.

Consideration should be given to the removal of the wall to wall carpet and the
introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished to match any
original finish remaining.

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Figure 38: Fireplace to Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Bedroom 2 is located between the Stair Hall and the Master Bedroom, with access
directly off the Gallery.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. The room may be adapted provided its
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved. Any
adaptation work should not be obvious from the Gallery.

New services may be introduced, provided disruption to the original fabric is
minimised.

Consideration should be given to the removal of the wall to wall carpet and the
introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished to match any
original finish remaining.

Stair Hall
See comments for Ground Floor.

Bathroom

The Bathroom is located in the western section with access off the top of the
Servants' Stair Hall. Its original use is unknown, but it appears to be been
used as a Bathroom at some stage, with remnant fixings and fixtures remaining.

Policy

The integrity of the room has been reduced by alterations to the fabric
although its original volume remains. The room may be adapted and upgraded
provided the remaining original fabric is conserved. It would be appropriate to
redevelop the room as a Bathroom; however, particular care should be taken to
ensure that supply and / or waste pipes are not exposed on the external
elevations.

The introduction of new services should be undertaken to minimise disruption to
remaining original fabric in the Bathroom and adjacent rooms and elevations.

Work Room

The western most room on the first floor was probably constructed as
accommodation for servant(s). It has direct access to the Servants' Stairs. Its
original floor has been removed, probably as the result of termite attack, and
it has been extensively replastered.

Policy

The integrity of the room has been reduced by the deterioration and replacement
of original fabric, although the original volume remains. . The room may be
adapted and upgraded provided the remaining original fabric conserved. It may
be considered appropriate to redevelop the room as a Bathroom; however,
particular care should be taken to ensure that supply and / or waste pipes are
not exposed on the external elevations.

The introduction of new services should be undertaken to minimise disruption to
remaining original fabric in the Work Room and adjacent rooms and elevations.

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Figure 39: Former Servants' Quarters showing

replacement floor and ceiling.

Servants' Stairs

The Servants' Stairs provide access from the First Floor to the cellar,
originally intended to provide easy access throughout the House. The Stairs are
generally in poor condition with deteriorating timberwork and walls.

Policy

The Servants Stairs and associated lobbies should generally be retained in
their current form. They may be upgraded as required to improve their safety,
provided the integrity of the space is retained and remaining original fabric
conserved.

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Figure 40: View of top of Servants' Stairs

adjacent doorway to Gallery.

Room above Servant's Stairs

The room above the Servant's Stairs is a small alcove built in the space above
the stairs. It is generally in poor condition.

Policy

The room should be retained in its current form. The timber structure may be
removed and the room upgraded as required provided the integrity of the space
is retained.

Gallery

The Gallery is considered for this report to be the first floor level of the
Ballroom volume, defined by the circular balcony which looks down into the
Ballroom below. The Gallery is surmounted by a domed clerestory ceiling. The
form of the space remains in original condition, with minor changes to the
fabric. The space is likely to contain painted decoration beneath the current
paint layers.

Policy

The integrity of the Gallery is high. This should be retained and the fabric
conserved.

Further investigation of the walls and ceiling should be undertaken to
determine whether the original colours remain beneath the more recent coatings.
It is likely that they walls and ceilings were more extensively decorated than
currently exists, and that the attached pilasters particularly were decorated.
The missing pilasters on the first floor should be reinstated to match the one
remaining.

New services may be introduced in the Gallery, however, it is recommended that
the painted decoration investigations be undertaken first. New installation of
services should minimise damage to original over-painted decoration.

No new openings should be formed in the walls at either level.

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Figure 41: Domed clerestory skylight above the Gallery.

Bedroom 3

Bedroom 3 is located in the north western corner of the First Floor, and at
some stage appears to have been used as a Kitchen. This adaptation, although
reversed, has resulted in a number of minor changes to the fabric. The Room
opens directly off the Gallery.

Policy

The integrity of the room has been reduced by the previous adaptation ad
alteration to the fabric. The room may be adapted provided its integrity is
retained and the remaining original fabric conserved. Any adaptation work
should not be obvious from the Gallery.

New services may be introduced, provided disruption to the original fabric is
minimised.

Consideration should be given to the replacement of the existing timber
flooring and the introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished
to match any original finish remaining.

Bedroom 4

Bedroom 4 opens directly off the Gallery, mirroring the entrance to the
Children's Bedroom.

Policy

The integrity of the room is high. The room may be adapted provided its
integrity is retained and the remaining original fabric conserved. Any
adaptation work should not be obvious from the Gallery.

New services may be introduced, provided disruption to the original fabric is
minimised.

Consideration should be given to the removal of the wall to wall carpet and the
introduction of suitable rugs. The boards should be finished to match any
original finish remaining.

Roof Stairs

Access stairs to the roof space and roof are located between the Lobby and
Gallery. These stairs performed a purely functional role providing access for
roof maintenance and to the top of the turret.

Policy

The integrity of the stair and access to the roof space is high, and they
should be retained and conserved in their current form.

6.6 External Conservation Policies

The following policies do not include advice on materials conservation where
related to artefacts or objects. They are intended as policies for the
conservation of built fabric only. For specific assistance where related to
artefacts or objects the advice of a materials conservator should be sought.

6.6.1 Elevations Generally

All external elevations should retain and maintain existing original detailing.
All missing elements should be replaced where noted as missing on the
dilapidation survey drawings or where physical evidence indicates their
previous presence.

All extraneous elements should where possible be removed and services
rationalised and/or discreetly concealed to remove external pipes, wires and
conduits fixed to the building. Items that illustrate previous functions of the
House or components should be retained. Non original light fittings may be
removed or relocated to suit proposed requirements.

Surface water should be removed from all ground surfaces as quickly as possible
and not allowed to pond against the footings and walls. Sumps and drains should
be regularly cleaned out to reduce the risk of flooding and associated damage.

6.6.2 Verandahs

The existing verandahs around the House are in need of attention.

The existing concave corrugated iron roof sheeting is corroded in some areas
and should be replaced as necessary. Where possible verandah iron should be
retained and if necessary re-rolled to return it to its original shape.
Original lead cappings and flashings should be retained where possible, but if
necessary replaced to match existing. If possible reusable sheets should be
consolidated in one area, with new sheeting located separately.

Where necessary deteriorated timbers should be replaced to match the original.
Where termite damaged, the affected sections should be cut out and replaced
with new timbers to match original. Similarly, damp affected timbers on the
verandah bulkheads, fascias and eaves should be replaced as necessary. Refer to
section 6.4.4 for timber replacement policies.

Some elements of the decoration to verandah columns may be missing. If
necessary those elements should be reproduced by making copies of the originals
remaining. Where possible damaged elements should be repaired or used in the
reconstruction of replacements.

The verandah floor consists of square tiles in a red and black chequer-board
pattern. Some areas are in poor condition with settlement of the flooring and
deterioration of individual tiles caused by rising damp. A number of tiles have
been replaced, affecting the integrity and appearance of the verandah as a
whole.

Where possible inappropriate replacement tiles should be replaced to match the
original remaining. Where necessary the paving should be lifted to ensure
adequate surface drainage is achieved, and that a safe level surface is
provided.

6.6.3 Masonry

6.6.3a Rising Damp and Salt Attack

Dating from 1862 it is unlikely that Para Para was constructed with any form of
damp proof course. Rising damp and salt attack is present in a number of walls,
particularly in the cellar and external walls. Extensive areas of previous
repair are evident throughout the building, but primarily on the exterior
elevations. The entire western wall has been rendered and the stonework at the
ground floor level of the other façade has been extensively repointed.

Repairs have generally been undertaken with hard cement render, which has
exacerbated the original problems. All hard cement render and pointing should
be carefully removed from the masonry to the external and verandah walls. These
areas should be repointed to match the original lime based pointing material.

Consideration could be given to the insertion of a chemical damp proof course
around the base of the external walls. This should only be undertaken by
experienced contractors in consultation with experienced heritage
professionals. When injecting the damp proof course drill holes should be
located in mortar joints, not in stonework, and the gravity feed method for
injecting chemicals should be used.

Any badly salt affected stones should be replaced with stone to match the
original stone's type, colour, texture, size and hardness.

The render plinths to the bases of walls and verandah edge should be retained
or reinstated as necessary. Other areas of render detailing should be retained,
or replaced to match original.

Sections of the masonry to the western garden wall have collapsed. They may be
rebuilt using the stonework remaining around the areas of collapse, and other
suitable stonework that can be salvaged around the site. Salvaged stone should
match existing in colour, size and hardness and should generally be in sound
condition. If insufficient matching stone remains on the property, a suitable
replacement source should be identified.

6.6.3b Pointing

Stonework should be repointed where necessary with a lime mortar to match any
original pointing remaining. The pointing should be of matching colour, texture
and finish when dry to the original. The hardness of the finished pointing
should also match the original. A suitable mix for lime pointing may be 1
brightonlite cement : 2 lime putty : 9 sand.

Cement mortars are inappropriate and should not be used.

The removal of existing hard cement pointing should only be undertaken using
hand tools. The use of power tools should not be allowed.

It may be necessary to replace some pointing periodically if salts retained
within the walls continue to evaporate causing fretting.

6.6.3c Render

Render in a number of areas, particularly to the columns around the verandahs,
is in poor condition. Significant areas are drummy and / or cracked, and a
number of areas have been inappropriately repaired with cement rich render.

Areas of significant cracking and where the render is loose or drummy, should
be removed back to sound substrate. They should then be re-rendered to match
the original finish and texture.

Where possible remaining render should be consolidated by injecting acrylic or
epoxy adhesive. This work should be undertaken by specialist conservation
contractors with experience in this type of work. The selection of correct
adhesives is an important aspect of successfully consolidating render.

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Figure 42: Cracking to render to

column to verandah.

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Figure 43: Damaged capital to south

east verandah column.

6.6.3d Cracking

Cracking and associated damage appears to have been a problem throughout the
history of the House, with extensive areas of previous repair work evident.
This is possibly the result of poor water drainage around the building,
combined with the content in the surrounding soil. The foundations may have
been prone to seasonal swelling and shrinkage, resulting in movement and
differential settlement of the building.

The ground around the perimeter of the Homestead should be treated in such a
way to reduce the affects of seasonal wetting & drying. Unwanted surface
run-off and storm-water should be adequately removed from adjacent the building
walls. Existing paths around the building should be maintained to ensure that
water is directed away from the building, and is not allowed to collect
adjacent the walls. Downpipe outlets should be clear and either connected into
adequately sized open drains or sealed underground storm-water pipes that will
carry water well clear of the building.

This issue should be addressed urgently and in more detail during the design
and implementation of any future landscaping strategy.

Cracking in the masonry should be raked out, filled and repointed to match
adjoining surfaces. Repairs should be undertaken in such a way that there is no
obvious patching on the walls.

Any re-occurring cracking should be monitored to provide information about
seasonal movements and consequences for the structural integrity of the
structure.

Significant cracking is occurring to the parapet above the southern door. This
may be the result of poor roof drainage, settlement of the building, or the
proximity of the large trees to the south west. The cracking should be repaired
and ongoing monitoring undertaken.

Careful consideration should be given to the future introduction, placement and
watering of garden beds in close proximity to the buildings.

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Figure 44: Section of cracked and loose

balustrading to parapet to south elevation.

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Figure 45: Loose and leaking downpipe

connection on Northern side of building

6.6.4 Painting

The rendered areas of the masonry, window surrounds, quoins, columns, etc, are
currently coated with acrylic paint, which in some more exposed areas,
particularly along the western wall, has substantially weathered away. Where
repainting is necessary the remaining paint coatings should be removed from the
masonry and a lime or white wash based paint system that is more appropriate to
the age of the House reinstated.

Paint removal should only be undertaken after seeking advice from professionals
or contractors experienced in the field. High-pressure water or grit blasting
is not to be used.

Existing painted surfaces to be repainted should be properly prepared in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions, including rubbing back and the
removal of all loose and flaking paint and deteriorated substrate. Any cracks
in the render or gaps around the door or window frames should be raked out and
replaced and all loose render cut off, properly stopped and sanded.

6.6.5 Chimneys

All chimneys are in original condition, with only minor areas of repair
apparent. Extensive areas of loose, drummy and spalling render are evident on
all chimneys. The render should be cut back to sound substrate and replaced
where loose and drummy. It is not recommended that sound render be removed.

Particular attention should be given to the north west chimney which may
require reconstruction.

The crisp lines of the original detail has been lost on many of the chimneys
due to fretting and spalling of the render. Where repair work is necessary to
replace unsound render the original detail should be reinstated. If render is
in sound condition remedial work should be minimised.

The tops of the chimneys should be sealed, where not in use, with a concrete
paver, piece of slate, or steel plate, adequately secured to prevent it falling
off. Those chimneys in use should be sealed with wire to prevent pigeon access
but allow smoke egress. The wire should be adequately secured to the tops of
the chimney. Should the egress of pigeon droppings continue to be a problem,
consideration could be given to the installation of a flat metal plate fixed
above the chimney openings on brackets. The introduction of chimney pots or
similar is not recommended as they will significantly alter the appearance of
the House.

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Figure 46: Chimney in north west corner of roof

showing poor condition of render and detailing.

6.6.6 Timberwork

Exposed timberwork to doors and windows, and timbers to the verandahs, is
generally in poor condition, with extensive weathering and some areas of rot.
Pigeons are accessing the inside of the timber verandah bulkhead, exacerbating
problems caused by leaking gutters.

Termite attack has also caused damage in a number of areas around the exterior
of the House.

Wherever possible as much of the original existing fabric as practical shall be
retained or reinstated. Fabric that has been removed and stored or is missing,
such as shutters, should be inspected and repaired as necessary to allow
reinstatement. Missing elements, such as the shutters, should be reconstructed
to match the original, based upon the existing elements remaining. Replacement
of timber should be kept to a minimum. Replacement timbers for exterior use
should have a durability of at least Class 2 as defined by the Timber
Development Association of SA.

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Figure 47: Loose timberwork to inside of

verandah bulkhead.

6.6.7 Timber Repairs

Rotted or otherwise damaged timbers shall be repaired in the following manner:

1.
    Where individual timbers are rotted in cross section to a depth of less
    than 5 mm, the rotted material should be thoroughly scraped out. The member
    should be built back up to its original dimension with a suitable epoxy
    filler, used strictly in accordance with manufacture's instructions, and
    properly bonded to its substrate.

2.
    Where individual structural timbers are rotted in cross section to a depth
    of greater than 5 mm but not more than 50% of the section dimension, the
    rotted material shall be thoroughly scraped out. The substrate should then
    be cut back to an even surface and a new piece of timber spliced in. Fixing
    shall be by means of a waterproof adhesive and countersunk brass or
    stainless steel screws of appropriate dimensions to suit the particular
    work. Screw heads should be filled with a suitable epoxy filler. The splice
    shall be planed and shaped back to match adjoining profiles. Joints shall
    be filled with a suitable epoxy filler.

3.
    Where individual existing members are rotted in cross section greater than
    50%, the rotted length shall be cut out and new timber shall be spliced
    onto the old as specified above. If rotting is extensive throughout the
    member, it should be replaced to match the existing.

4.
    Where structural joints are rotted to a degree as to be loose or no longer
    provide support, the joint shall be dismantled and reconstructed by
    splicing in new timber as specified as above.

6.6.8 Painting

Deteriorated timber surfaces are to be taken back to a solid base, with any
necessary filling as established in 6.4.5a Timber Repairs. This should not
include the removal of all previous paint where it is in good condition, as
this provides an important record of any changes to the colour scheme used
during various periods. Methods that remove all evidence of paint are
unnecessary for a sound finish and inappropriate as they serve to reduce the
significance of the building. In areas where it is necessary for existing paint
to be stripped back to the base material, it is to be proceeded by paint
scrapes and recording of paint samples.

The analysis of paint scrapes does not necessarily imply the re-introduction of
earlier colours. These instead should be used as a guide to understanding the
way colour was applied to the complex, and help to make appropriate decisions
about future colour schemes.

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Figure 48: Upper level window showing poor

condition of paintwork to timberwork.

6.6.9 Termites

The House has been extensively attacked by termites, probably repetitively over
a number of years. There is extensive existing damage, and areas where damage
has previously been repaired.

The House should be thoroughly inspected by a certified pest control company
for the presence of termites. A regular and on going inspection regime should
be introduced to detect any infestations at the earliest opportunity.
Recommendations for treatment for the ongoing protection of the property should
be sought from that company. All timber surfaces including the sub floor
structure in that area, and where other damage has been noted, should be
inspected by a pest control company to determine the full extent of damage.

If termites are found at the Homestead they should be treated with a chemical
spray and consideration be given to the distribution of termite baits.

Termites are particularly attracted to damp dark areas, such as sub-floor
spaces. It is important to ensure that sub-floor spaces are well ventilated to
keep them as dry as possible to deter termites. The effectiveness of sub-floor
ventilation and number and size of vents should be assessed in conjunction with
termite and rising damp treatment.

The House has been treated following the discovery of termites. It is possible
that that treatment is still providing protection to the timbers; however,
regular monitoring should be introduced.

Termite damaged timbers should be repaired in accordance with the Timber Repair
section above. Where significant fabric, such as the skirting in the Dining
Room, has been affected, less intrusive repair methods should be used, possibly
involving the insertion of consolidants into affected areas. This will minimise
the removal of fabric. Advice should be sought from materials conservators
prior to proceeding with the work.

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Figure 49: Termite damage to fixing

plate to verandah roof.

6.6.10 Roof Replacement and Storm Water Removal

The main roof to the House varies in condition and materials substantially. The
House is roofed in a combination of slate tiles and corrugated iron sheet, with
areas of flat galvanised sheet patching to tiled areas. Fibreglass sheeting is
located above the Gallery skylight.

The roof consists entirely of internal box gutters and parapet gutters, with
minimal outlets. Combined with the presence of pigeons, the inadequate size and
number of outlets is responsible for frequent flooding and overflow of the
gutters. This appears to have been an ongoing problem, with areas of previous
internal plaster repair to ceilings and walls beneath gutters.

Areas of roofing, particularly above the single storey western sections and the
hipped roof above the Servants' Quarters, where a combination of corrugated
iron, slates and galvanised sheet patching is extant, should be re-roofed with
corrugated iron sheeting. Existing slates should be carefully remove and
retained for later patching in other areas as required. Any other areas of
corroded sheeting should be replaced.

Full-length roof sheeting may be used with screw fixings. Consideration may be
given to using heavy gauge roof sheeting for additional longevity.

The size of existing box and parapet gutter should be checked to ensure their
adequacy for predicted rainfall intensities. If necessary they should be
increased in size to allow for peak rainfall conditions. Flashings to the box
gutters should be turned up a minimum 300 mm beneath the roofing iron to
prevent overflow into the roof space.

Downpipe numbers, sizes and distribution should be reviewed to ensure that
adequate discharge of rainwater from the roof is achieved. The installation of
new downpipes may be considered, however they should not be located on the
eastern elevation, and should be avoided on the southern or northern elevations
if possible. If unavailable on the southern, eastern or northern elevations
their locations should be considered to minimise visual impact and allow
effective removal of rainwater from the building surrounds. Downpipes should be
supported to match the original detail.

Downpipes should be replaced where necessary in galvanised finish to match the
original configuration and diameters. Sound downpipes that show no signs of
corrosion should be retained & repaired. Wherever possible existing material
should be retained and joints re-soldered to provide watertight connections.
They should be installed as originally detailed.

Review of gutter and downpipes should be undertaken in association with
experienced conservation professionals and contractors.

The verandah roofing is in sound condition with some areas of slipping and
surface corrosion. Where possible verandah iron should be retained and if
necessary re-rolled to return it to its original shape. If possible reusable
sheets should be consolidated in one area, with new sheeting located
separately.

All cappings and flashings to the main roof and verandah should be retained
where possible, but if necessary be replaced to match existing, in a finish
compatible with the principal roof sheeting. Cappings should be rolled and
scribed. All chimney flashings should be replaced in lead and stepped to match
the original. All cappings to the verandah roof should be reinstated in lead to
match the original detail.

A number of parapet flashings are loose, allowing water to enter the masonry
behind. They should be re-fixed as required to ensure a watertight seal. Where
necessary the flashings should be replaced.

The internal box gutters appear to discharge through the roof space above the
Servants' Quarters. This has over the life of the building caused extensive
damage to the ceilings and rooms below following blockages of the gutters and
downpipes. This drainage system should be reviewed in association with the
review of the gutter sizes and downpipe locations. Overflow outlets should be
provided in the event that blockages occur.

Undertake regular cleaning to ensure all gutters are free of debris. This is
particularly important given the extent of the pigeon presence on the property.

Stormwater disposal from the roofs needs to be carefully considered so that it
is correctly discharged well clear of the building or into rainwater tanks.
Falls around the building should be checked to ensure all water is quickly
removed from the base of walls.

The installation of above ground rainwater tanks may be considered. These
should be located as unobtrusively as possible, and restricted to the western
side of the House or adjacent the northern side of the outbuilding wall.

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Figure 50: View of roof looking west.

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Figure 51: View of roof looking north west

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Figure 52: View of ground floor roof over south west

corner of building. The roof should be replaced.

6.6.11 Parapets

Parapets around the building are generally in poor condition, with sections on
the western side of the building extremely dilapidated. Some sections of the
parapet are extensively cracked, with substantial areas of spalling render.

Areas of substantial deterioration, where material is loose and spalling,
should be initially stabilised to prevent collapse. The failure of portions of
the structure has the potential to cause significant injury or damage to
structure below. It may be necessary to dismantle and rebuild sections of the
parapet and balustrade.

Advice should be sought from contractors experienced in render and masonry
consolidation as to whether it is possible to stabilise and retain the existing
deteriorated fabric, or whether it should be removed and reconstructed.

Render detail and missing balustrades should be reconstructed to match the
original detail.

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Figure 53: View of worst section of parapet on north west

corner of building showing spalling, loose and missing elements.

It is recommended that a full inspection of the parapet be undertaken by cherry
picker to determine form a close distance any further areas of deterioration.

6.6.12 Pigeon Control

A severe problem exists at Para Para with infestation by pigeons. While the
current owners have substantially reduced numbers (from approximately 300 to
around 60) there are a number of areas, particularly around the roof where
pigeons are nesting and roosting, causing build up of organic debris. Despite
ongoing clearing this debris is causing a number of ongoing maintenance
problems, including blockage of gutters and downpipes, staining to masonry and
general unsightliness. It should be regularly removed.

Pigeon manure is weakly acidic and if left on masonry can cause deterioration
to the fabric. It is also high in nitrates, which can lead to salt attack in
masonry if it is not removed. Consequently, the manure should be regularly
removed, and surfaces cleaned.

The installation of pigeon stripping could be tried in several locations around
the building. It has however, generally been ineffective on other buildings
when used previously.

Pigeons return to nest at the location that they hatched. It is therefore
necessary to regularly remove nests as an ongoing deterrent to pigeons
returning. Consideration may be given to other methods of dealing with the
problem, including the use of poison impregnated grain or shooting. These
methods should only be used in accordance with approved and authorised
procedures. Poisons should be carefully monitored to ensure other birds are not
affected, with distribution restricted to areas exclusively inhabited by
pigeons. Dead birds should be collected and removed from the site.

6.6.13 Doors and Windows

The external joinery is generally in poor condition, with extensive
deterioration caused by breakdown of paint coatings.

The extent of deterioration varies depending upon the degree of protection
afforded to the various timbers. Most windows and doors, while in need of
painting, are in sound condition. Some window and door sidelights retain
coloured glass panels.

Where doors or windows are missing, badly deteriorated or termite damaged they
should be replaced with new items to match the original remaining. Where the
joints are loose, the window or door should be dismantled and the joints
re-set, glued and screwed. Flyscreens should be reinstated where they are
missing.

Ensure all windows and doors can be readily opened at the time of painting. Any
missing sash cords are to be replaced and the mechanisms repaired. Where doors
are jammed or have dropped, remove hinges from door and frame, fill screw
holes, remove any rotted timber, splice in new timber and replace hinges to
match existing where necessary.

Generally treat all timberwork as for 6.4.4a Timber Repairs.

All existing hardware should be retained and maintained where it is original to
the building. Where hardware is missing it should be replaced to match the
remaining original fittings as closely as possible.

Broken glass should be replaced with clear float glass of similar thickness to
the original. Reflective or tinted film or glass should not be used. Glass
should be seated with glazing putty, not silicone. Glazing putty should be
replaced where needed.

Paint scrapings should be taken to determine original colours of frames and
doors. These colours should be re-instated, or a suitable substitute found.

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Figure 54: Deteriorated timberwork to window

to Kitchen.

6.6.14 Metal Work

Remove rust on deteriorated metal surfaces by cleaning back to bare metal with
a wire brush, where possible. Badly deteriorated elements should be repaired if
possible, or otherwise replaced. Salvageable items or parts thereof should be
reused in the manufacture of replacement elements wherever possible. Metal
should be coated with rust neutraliser prior to priming with a zinc rich paint,
followed by a compatible undercoat and finishing coats.

6.6.15 Verandah Floor

The existing verandah floor consists of terracotta tiles laid in a
chequer-board pattern laid against the concrete edge to the verandah.
Bull-nosed slate steps are located on each side of the building.

The floors are in reasonable condition, but has been affected by problems
associated with rising damp and subsidence. A number of the tessellated tiles
are loose, and some have been replaced or re-laid. This has affected the
integrity and appearance of the verandah as a whole.

Where possible inappropriate replacement tiles should be replaced to match the
original remaining, particularly where the contrasting chequer-board pattern
has been lost. Where necessary the tiling should be lifted to ensure adequate
surface drainage is achieved, and that a safe level surface is provided. Loose
tile should be re-seated to reduce gaps between tiles.

0x01 graphic

Figure 55: Typical tiling to verandah floor.

6.7 Internal Conservation Policies

The policies below have been formulated in order to retain the existing
significance of internal fabric, and increase it where possible by reinstating
missing decorative finishes and elements.

Elements of the internal decoration are rare and consequently of high
significance. Priority should be given to their stabilisation, conservation and
repair. Where possible intervention should be minimised.

6.7.1 Floors

6.7.1a Timber Floors

Timber floors are generally baltic pine, and appear to be sound; however, full
inspection was not possible due to the presence of fitted carpets in many
rooms. There are a number of areas where deflecting or uneven boards beneath
the carpet may indicate termite damage. Some damage may also have been caused
by roof leaks. As is typical with houses of its age, some degree of cupping of
the boards has occurred throughout.

Floors to several rooms have been replaced with particleboard sheeting, again,
most likely the result of termite attack.

Timber boards and floor structure should be inspected to determine the extent
of termite and falling damp damage. Where necessary timbers and boards should
be replaced to match existing. Boards should be replaced with second hand
Baltic pine boards to match the original width.

The Ballroom floorboards differ in size and species from those throughout the
rest of the House, and were probably specifically chosen for their function in
that space. Intervention to and replacement of those boards should be
minimised.

Generally, as required the remaining carpets should be removed to allow sanding
and re-finishing of all floors. The use of clear two pack polyurethane finishes
to the timber boards should be avoided, with preference given to the use of
natural Tung oils.

Any of the timber floors damaged or considered to be unsafe should be repaired
and treated as indicated in 6.4.4a Timber Repairs. Masonry dwarf walls and
timber floor joists supporting the timber floor structure should be repaired
where necessary.

0x01 graphic

Figure 56: Timber boards (stained) in

Upstairs Room.

6.7.1b Concrete Floors

The existing concrete floor in the Bathroom may be retained and upgraded or
removed as required. The installation of new concrete floors associated with
any Bathroom upgrade should be undertaken carefully to minimise damage to
adjoining surfaces.

6.7.1c Brick Floors

A brick floor exists in the Cellar. It is not known if that is the original
surface floor surface. The bricks should be retained and repaired as necessary
to provide a safe, even, surface. It is likely that the floor will require
ongoing maintenance as rising damp affects the brickwork. The installation of a
damp proof membrane beneath the brickwork or a new concrete floor should not be
considered, as this will only exacerbate dampness problems in the adjacent
walls.

0x01 graphic

Figure 57: Brick paving to cellar floor.

Note timber panels to door reveal termite

damaged and removed.

6.7.2 Walls and Plastering

The walls and mouldings of the House are plastered in fine white lime plaster.
Many areas of the wall plaster are drummy due to rising and falling damp and
have suffered subsequent loss of adhesion. Repairs over time have damaged the
sharp edges of the mouldings and details. Extensive areas of plaster have been
replaced with cement rich render.

The original plaster finish and detailing of the walls should be retained where
possible. Where plaster has deteriorated, it should be removed and replaced
with plaster of an equivalent mix to match the original texture and finish.
Mouldings should be re-run where required to exactly match original profiles.
Where later surfaces are removed any damaged plaster areas should be repaired
to a smooth surface and finished to match original. It would be acceptable to
use a slightly harder plaster mix for the interior to provide better
durability.

Where poor quality repairs have been undertaken they should be removed and the
walls replastered as indicated above.

6.7.3 Rising Damp

Some walls have been affected by rising damp and salt attack, primarily due to
the lack of damp proof courses in the walls. To prevent ongoing damage
consideration should be given to inserting a damp proof course in the external
walls. The extent of rising damp damage in the internal walls is minor, and
probably does not justify the cost and intrusion of injecting a damp proof
course.

Other specific areas of rising damp should be investigated to determine the
cause of the problem and, if necessary, isolated damp proof courses installed.

6.7.4 Ceilings

What appear to be original lathe and plaster ceilings remain in most rooms. A
number are cracked and / or stained, indicating deflection of the ceilings or
water damage from above.

Original ceilings should be stabilised and made good as required. The injection
of epoxy resins may be used to assist in their retention. Cracks should be
carefully raked out, filled and flushed. Ceilings that are non-original and in
poor condition should be carefully removed, and plasterboard ceilings
installed. Care should be taken to ensure joints are carefully flushed.
Cornices should be repaired where necessary to match original. Refer to Section
6.7.3: Decorative Plasterwork for policies concerning the treatment of cornices
and ceiling roses.

Ceilings throughout the House are un-insulated. The ceiling spaces should be
cleaned out and R 3.0 mineral wool insulation installed.

Ensure that the roof spaces remain free of vermin and birds that have the
potential to cause significant damage.

6.7.5 Joinery

Joinery throughout the House generally retains its original finish. Most
skirtings, reveals, doors, windows and frames on both floors have been clear
finished with shellac, which is breaking down with age.

The timberwork to the Dining Room and Entry has an applied wood grain finish
with gilded linework. The existing wood grained finish should be retained where
extant and reinstated in any other areas where it is found to have been. Other
timberwork may be repainted to match original colour schemes.

Areas of timberwork to skirtings and door reveals have been damaged by termite
attack. The damaged material should be removed and replaced with timber
matching in texture and detail. Good quality, seasoned second hand timber
should be used. The finish should be reinstated to match original. Particular
care should be taken in the Dining Room to ensure that minimal original fabric
and painted decoration is affected by repairs to the timberwork.

0x01 graphic

Figure 58: Termite damage to skirting in

Dining room

Generally, repairs to joinery should be undertaken to retain the original
appearance with minimum intervention to the original fabric. Doors should be
repaired as necessary as described in 6.4.4.

6.7.5a Stairs

There are three sets of stairs in Para Para, the main stairs leading from the
Ballroom to the Gallery, the Servants' Stairs leading from the cellar to the
Servants' Quarters on the first floor, and the stairs from the first floor to
the roof.

The main stairs in the Stair Hall are in original condition but are deflecting
noticeably towards the centre with a number of stair goings opening at the
joints. A post has been added to provide additional support. Structural
engineering advice should be sought to advise on how the stairs can be
stabilised. Agreement should be reached with a conservation architect prior to
stabilisation works commencing to ensure that physical intervention is
minimised and that the original appearance of the stairs is not compromised.

The existing finish to the main stairs should be maintained and conserved as
necessary.

The Servants' Stairs and the stairs to the roof are both constructed to
comparatively functional designs, with plain detailing and finishes. The
Servants' Stairs have been damaged in various places by termites.

Both sets of stairs should be stabilised and repaired as necessary and finish
with a paint or oil coating to match any remnant original finish remaining.
They should retain as closely as possible their original configuration and
appearances.

6.7.5b Fireplaces

Most fireplace surrounds remain within the House; however, given the history of
the property it is not known how many of the fireplace surrounds are original.
The surrounds are generally in reasonable condition, with repairs required to
some marble mantelpieces. Several fireplace inserts are missing.

The missing fireplace inserts should be replaced with new ones of suitable
design. Consideration should be given to the design of the surrounding tiles
and mantelpieces when inserts are being selected.

All fireplace surrounds, in either timber or marble, appear to suit their
location and should be retained and made good as required. If there is some
doubt whether mantelpieces or surrounds are original or not they should be
retained.

Repair of marble mantelpieces and fireplace surrounds should be undertaken
after seeking advice from experienced materials conservators.

0x01 graphic

Figure 59: Non original fireplace insert

6.7.5c Built-in Cupboards

Some built-in cupboards, possibly original, remain in the House. They should
generally be retained unless future uses require their removal. If to be
removed they should be carefully dismantled and stored by future possible
re-instatement.

6.7.5d Doors & Windows

Doors and windows are generally in sound condition with most frames, sills and
architraves damaged to some degree. Where necessary holes, splits and chips
should be repaired as best possible, and the original finish reinstated.

Several windows and doors have been damaged by termite attack. Damaged elements
should be replaced to match existing, with the original finish reinstated.

A number of doors and windows have undergone minor modifications. Wherever
necessary the original window and door configurations should be reinstated.
Several window sashes have been replaced. Where in sound condition they should
be retained and maintained.

Where glass is broken or missing it should be replaced.

Most door and window hardware is present, with it unlikely to be original. It
should be retained and supplemented with locks and additional elements as
necessary. Missing elements should be replaced to match the existing as closely
as possible.

Other items of door and window hardware should be retained where original or
replaced where missing.

0x01 graphic

Figure 60: Termite damage window to

Downstairs bedroom

6.7.5e Stained Glass

The House appears to have been constructed with textured glass windows in the
Entry adjacent the front doors. Some panels have been replaced with more modern
opaque glass. This should be replaced with textured glass to match the
original.

A panel of stained glass remains in a panel of the window in the upper level of
the Stair Hall. Further investigation may reveal the extent of coloured glass
originally extant. If further evidence becomes available, consideration could
be given to the reinstatement of coloured glass.

It is possible the skylights in the Ballroom domed ceiling were more decorative
than currently exists. If further evidence becomes available, consideration
could be given to the reinstatement of coloured glass in that area.

6.7.6 Internal Decoration

6.7.6a Painted Decoration

Tantalising insights into the original painted decoration can be found
primarily in the Dining Room and Entry, with other remnant decoration remaining
on the Drawing Room cornices and possibly in areas of the Ballroom and Gallery.
These remaining original colour schemes are highly significant and should be
conserved and maintained. The decoration in the Dining Room and Entry should
not be over-painted. If future plans for the House require modification to the
other remaining colour schemes, the original colours and their locations should
be recorded prior to over-painting.

Given that the significance of the Para Para is directly linked with the style
and degree of original decoration remaining, consideration should be given to
retaining original colour schemes and making good as necessary. It is
considered likely that original colour schemes remain beneath later paint
coatings throughout the House. It is probable that more extensive decoration
exists in the Drawing Room, Ballroom (current decoration is not original)
Gallery and Stair Hall, and possibly in the Gentlemen's Office, Ladies Office
and Library.

It is possible areas of the House were originally decorated with wallpapers.
Where painted decoration may have been combined with the use of missing or
damaged wallpaper, consideration should be given to enhancing the existing
original painted decoration with the introduction of complimentary paint
finishes to the walls. Missing wallpapers need not be replaced.

New paintwork should be undertaken with materials suitable to the age of the
House. For example, the use of modern flat acrylic paints should be avoided if
possible, particularly in the main rooms, where oil based enamels are a
preferable replacement for the wallpapers. All surfaces should be properly
prepared prior to application of future paint finishes.

0x01 graphic

Figure 61: Water damage to 1870's

decoration to Dining Room, north wall.

6.7.6b Timberwork

Timberwork, including skirtings, doors and windows, in the Entry, Ballroom, Bed
2 and Dining Room has been wood grained and gilded to varying extents. Where
necessary the graining should be repaired, with as much of the original finish
retained as possible.

0x01 graphic

Figure 62: Treatment to timberwork to

front doors to entry.

6.7.6c Decorative Plasterwork

Elements of decorative plasterwork include cornices throughout the main part of
the House, arches and engaged pilasters. These elements are in varying degrees
of deterioration and the following policies should be implemented.

6.7.6d Cornices

Complete original cornices remain in a number of rooms, or have been modified
during previous repair works. Where damaged or in need of replacement to
provide better matches, they should be repaired in situ with base render and
plaster run in situ. Remaining original cornices should be used as a mould.

Where ceilings and cornices have been replaced completely in the main part of
the House, the cornices should be replaced to match original profiles
remaining. In the rooms of `lesser' significance, simple profile cornices may
be used, or new flush joint plasterboard ceilings installed.

Cornices should not be introduced into those rooms where the existing lathe and
plaster ceiling is extant with no evidence of their presence.

Where evidence remains the original colour scheme should be recorded, and
consideration given to its reinstatement.

6.7.6e Ceiling Roses

Original ceiling roses remain in several rooms. They should be repaired and
conserved as necessary, and consideration given to the reinstatement of the
original colour schemes.

Ceiling roses to replacement ceilings should be sympathetic to the design of
the originals but need not be copies.

Ceiling roses should not be introduced into those rooms where the existing
lathe and plaster ceiling is extant with no evidence of their presence.

0x01 graphic

Figure 63: Ceiling rose and cornice in Drawing Room

6.8 Services

6.8.1 Electrical

Para Para was constructed prior to the invention of electricity, and possibly
without original gas connections. Over the years electrical services have been
introduced to the House in an ad hoc manner with all conduits and wiring
surface mounted and intrusive. This includes power and lighting supply and
telephone conduits.

The electrical wiring throughout the House should be removed and replaced,
including the provision of a new meter board and safety switches. New power
points and switches should be practically located for proposed future
requirements, and should be as unobtrusive as possible.

Generally, new wiring may be chased into plasterwork to reduce the impact of
surface mounted conduits. This however, should not occur in the main rooms
where original painted decoration is thought to exist until such time as the
extent of decoration is determined. New wall mounted services should not be
installed in the Dining Room, either surface mounted or chased into the
plasterwork.

Consideration should be given to the undergrounding of the electrical supply
from the street (or at least the nearest pole) to the House. This will improve
the appearance and presentation of Para Para.

NP: The owners have expressed the desire to install 3 phase power. This should
be undertaken in an un-obtrusive and sympathetic manner.

0x01 graphic

Figure 64: Existing meter board and surface mounted

conduit adjacent front door.

6.8.2 Wet Area Services

Bathroom and Kitchen facilities have been upgraded over the years, with the
installation of pipe work, fixtures and fittings. It is acceptable to upgrade
all wet areas, including Bathroom(s), Laundry and Kitchen. They may be retained
in their existing locations or re-located as identified in the Policies for
Rooms or Spaces. Generally, the upgrading of kitchen, bathroom and laundry
facilities should be undertaken in the rooms of lesser significance and in a
manner sympathetic to the character and significance of the House.

Generally, supply and waste pipes should be completely replaced to suit future
requirements. Where old pipework is removed penetrations should be carefully
blocked. Work should be undertaken in a sensitive manner to reduce impact on
the original fabric and to maintain its existing significance.

The upgrading of existing services should be undertaken in conjunction with the
development of additional services necessary for the future use of the
building. Ensure that all work is coordinated, especially where it may impact
on the fabric of the House.

6.9 Security

Security is an important design consideration in any adaptation or development
work. A permanent security system for long term use should not damage or
visually detract from the fabric of the building. Any such system should only
be installed following advice from security firms experienced in the protection
of older buildings.

The installation of security systems should include the provision for smoke and
thermal detection systems designed specifically for the House.

The presence of people in the building, and activity on the site on a regular
and on going basis, will provide the best form of security for the Homestead.

6.10 Conservation Priorities

Conservation work should be undertaken to the House as prioritised below and
executed in accordance with the dilapidation survey and policies outlined
above. It is recommended that conservation works be documented by an
experienced conservation architect prior to the commencement of physical works.
This will assist with programming and staging of different aspects of the work,
and provide the basis for obtaining tenders from contractors.

Appropriate professional direction and supervision should be maintained at all
stages of work on the buildings. All necessary development and building
approvals should be obtained prior to work commencing.

+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
|                         | *                                         |
|                         |    Review design of rainwater collection   |
|                         |    and discharge system                    |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | *                                         |
|                         |    Replace deteriorated roof and rainwater |
|                         |    goods                                   |
|                         |                                            |
|Commence immediately:    | *                                         |
|                         |    Remove loose and dangerous sections of |
|                         |    parapet                                 |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | *                                         |
|                         |    Replace broken glass to windows         |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | *                                         |
|                         |    Remove stormwater from building         |
|                         |    surrounds                               |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+

+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
|                         | *                                         |
|                         |    Replacement of deteriorated timbers to |
|                         |    verandah and stabilise of roof sheeting |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | *                                         |
|Urgently required:       |    Remove / stabilise drummy and spalling |
|                         |    render and plaster, repair cracks and   |
|                         |    re-render                               |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | *                                         |
|                         |    Pigeon removal                          |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+

+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
|                         | *                                         |
|                         |    Repointing                              |
|High Priority:           |                                            |
|                         | *                                         |
|                         |    Internal conservation work              |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+

6.11 Maintenance Program

The House will require regular general maintenance once conservation work is
completed. This will pre-empt minor problems that could otherwise develop to
cause serious damage. Cleaning of the box gutter is an example of periodic work
necessary to prevent the harmful effects of falling damp currently evident. A
Maintenance Schedule should be prepared when conservation work is completed to
assist this work. A check for any deterioration of the building fabric would
form part of the duties required by the Maintenance Schedule. It is recommended
that an individual be responsible to ensure such tasks are performed in
accordance with the schedule. An annual budget should be established for
regular maintenance work.

If the Conservation Priorities listed above are not implemented then it is
vital that the roof drainage re-designed and repaired to ensure that the roof
is able to cope with peak rainfall intensities. Ongoing ingress of rain and
falling damp will lead to increasingly rapid deterioration of both the internal
and external fabric. Also of importance is the ensuring the removal of
stormwater from around the base of the walls and in close proximity to the
building.

Ongoing compatible use of a building is the best means of ensuring maintenance,
and therefore it's long-term preservation.

Appendix 3 contains an example of a Maintenance Schedule.

Appendix 1: Dilapidation Survey Drawings

Appendix 2: Cost Estimates for Conservation Work

The following report has been prepared by Heinrich Consulting.

Appendix 3: Sample Maintenance Schedule

Appendix 4: Bibliography

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Selected Bibliography

BRG 238 Jackman Gooden Collection Mortlock Library of South Australia

Brown, J & Mullin, B Country Life in Pioneer South Australia Rigby, 1977

Brown, JM in Historic Homesteads of Australia Australian Council of National
Trusts, 1969

Bunyip 15 February 1963

Jensen, E & R Colonial Architecture in South Australia Rigby, 1980

Lands Titles Office Certificates of Title 46/119, 47/154, 38/99, 107/81, 427/
153, 428/55&56, 1001/19,20&21, 509/16, 1304/35, 1512/27, 1318/108, 3943/82,
5299/960 together with instruments registered thereon

Loyau, GF Gawler Handbook Goodfellow & Hele, 1880

Loyau, GF Notable South Australians Loyau, 1885

Morgan, EJR & Gilbert, SH Early Adelaide Architecture Oxford University Press,
1969

National Trust of South Australia Registered File No 10057

Observer 11 November 1882, p33

Page, M Sculptors in Space - South Australian Architects 1836-1986 Royal
Australian Institute of Architects (SA), 1986

Pastoral Pioneers of South Australia Publishers Ltd, 1925-27

Pike, D (ed) Australian Dictionary of Biography Melbourne University Press,
1972 - Vol 4

Pike, D (ed) Australian Dictionary of Biography Melbourne University Press

Statton, J (ed) Biographical Index of South Australians 1836-1885 SA Genealogy
& Heraldry Society Inc, 1986

General Bibliography

Archer, J. Building a Nation: A History of the Australian Home. William Collins
Pty Ltd, Sydney, 1987.

Burgess, H.T. (ed.) The Cyclopedia of South Australia. The Cyclopedia Company,
Adelaide, 1909.

Chitam, R. Measured Drawings for Architects. The Architectural Press, London,
1980.

Cockburn, R. Pastoral Pioneers of South Australia reprinted from `The Adelaide
Stock and Station Journal', Publishers Ltd, Adelaide, 1925

Davidson, G. What makes a Building Historic. Historic Building Council,
Melbourne, 1986.

Denher, M. Heritage Fights Back. Heritage Canada, Ottawa, 1978.

Evans, I. Caring for Old Houses. The Flannel Flower Press, Sydney, 1988.

Evans, I. The Australian Home. The Flannel Flower Press, Sydney, 1983.

Fawcett, J. (ed.) The Future of the Past. Thames and Hudson, London, 1976.

Fielden, B.M. Conservation of Historic Buildings. Butterworth and Co, Ltd.,
London, 1982.

Freeland, J.M. Architecture in Australia: A History. Pelican Books, Melbourne,
1982.

Freeman, P. (ed.) Building Conservation in Australia. RAIA Education Division,
Canberra, 1985.

Helme, D. The Conservation Handbook. Property Services Agency, London, 1988.
The Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural
Significance (The Burra Charter). Icomos Australia, Sydney, 1981.

Irving, Robert. (ed.) The History and Design of the Australian House. Oxford
University Press, Melbourne, 1985.

Jensen, E. & F. Colonial Architecture in South Australia Rigby Publishers Ltd,
Adelaide, 1980.

Kalman, H. The Evaluation of Historic Buildings. Minister of the Environment,
Ottawa, 1979.

Kerr, J.S. The Conservation Plan: A Guide to the Preparation of Conservation
Plans for Places of Cultural Significance. The National Trust of Australia
(N.S.W), Sydney, 1985.

Latreille, A. (et al). New Uses for Old Buildings in Australia. Oxford
University Press, Melbourne, 1982.

Lewis, M. `The Analysis of Buildings.' Historic Environment. Vol. 3., No. 1.,
1983.

Loudon, J.C. Cottage, Farm and Villa Architecture and Furniture Frederick Warne
& Co., London, 1910 (reissue of 1857 edition)

Lowenthal, D. The Past is a Foreign Country. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1985.

Lucas, C. Australian Country Houses. Lansdowne Press, Sydney, 1987.

Lucas, C. Conservation and Restoration of Buildings. Australian Council of
National Trusts, Sydney, 1978.

Our Pastoral Industry Australian `Garden & Field', Adelaide, 1910.

Page, M. Sculptors in Space - South Australian Architects 1836-1986 Royal
Australian Institute of Architects (South Australian Chapter), Adelaide, 1986.

Pike, D. (ed) Australian Dictionary of Biography Melbourne University Press,
Melbourne, 1972.

Ruskin, J. The Stones of Venice. Faber and Faber Ltd., London, 1981.

South Australian Directory Sands & McDougall, Adelaide, various years

Thomas, J. (ed) South Australians 1836-1885 South Australian Genealogy and
Heraldry Society Inc., Adelaide, 1990.

Tschudi-Madsen, S. Restoration and Anti-Restoration. The Central Office of
Historic Monuments, Norway, 1976.

Warburton, J. Sustaining Our Heritage. Civic Trust of South Australia,
Adelaide, 1986.

ICOMOS Australia. THE AUSTRALIA ICOMOS CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PLACES
OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE (THE BURRA CHARTER) Sydney; 1999.

Kerr, J.S. THE CONSERVATION PLAN: A GUIDE TO THE PREPARATION OF CONSERVATION
PLANS FOR PLACES OF EUROPEAN CULTURAL 1985.

Pastoral Pioneers of South Australia page 49

Observer 11 November 1882 page 33

Loyau, GF Gawler Handbook pages 98-99

Jensen, page 303

Jensen, page 520

Page, page 74

Jensen, page 104; Morgan & Gilbert, page 147; Page, page 60; Pike, Vol 4 page
231; BRG 238

Jensen, page 520

Taylor, page 61ff

ibid pages 59-62

Jensen, page 717. It should be noted, however, that the newspaper reference
given by Jensen has not been found either by the writer or others.

BRG 238/1/206

Brown, page 445

Pike, Vol 8, page 351

2 Heritage South Australia file

Conservation Plan for Para Para

Flightpath Architects 47 March 2002